Tree Felling Techniques and Safe Work Practices

Felling trees is a complex and challenging task. It requires a high level of technical expertise and an unwavering commitment to safety. It is often done in hazardous and confined locations, such as in proximity to buildings or overhead power lines. As such, mistakes made during felling can result in serious injury or death to saw operators and bystanders alike. This article is intended to provide guidance on felling techniques and safe work practices. The information presented here is designed to serve as a reference for both professional arborists and homeowners who are engaged in tree felling projects.

The word ‘felling’ is used by those in the forestry industry to describe cutting down a tree and letting it fall in place rather than dragging or pulling it to the ground as part of a logging operation. It is a more accurate term than simply ‘cutting down’, and it reflects the more controlled and intentional manner in which professional lumbermen go about felling trees.

In a recent demonstration of tree felling, two sawyers started by chopping out a large notch in the side of the tree facing the direction in which they wanted it to fall. One of them then demonstrated how to use a piece of wood as a “gun stick” or felling gauge, placing the head of an axe against the back of the cut notch and looking down its handle to determine the direction in which the tree would fall once the notch was fully established.

After the notch has been properly formed, the sawyer should cut a back cut into the tree, positioned just slightly above the wedge cut. This back cut is essential to ensuring proper control of the direction in which the tree will fall, as it serves as a hinge. When making the back cut, it is important to ensure that its width is uniform – a narrow hinge will not work as well as a broad one.

The final step in the process of felling a tree is to establish the hinge, a section of wood that will allow the tree to freely fall from its initial position once the back cut is completed. The sawyer should pay special attention to the consistency and thickness of the hinge, as a wide or thin hinge may negatively impact the direction in which the tree will fall once it is released.

Finally, the sawyer should clear any tree limbs or debris hanging above him as he works. These hazards can cause injuries to the saw operator and should be cleared before commencing a felling operation. In addition, he should ensure that he is working in an area with a clear escape route that is free of obstacles such as trees or buttress roots. It is also recommended that he wear protective equipment such as chainsaw protective clothing, eye protection and ear defenders. Lastly, it is important to remember that falling timber can continue to fall for several minutes after it has been felled.

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